KS2 SATs 2025: GPS papers analysis

SATs expert Sophie Bartlett is back with her analysis of the GPS papers for 2025. We’ve got grammar ‘disguises’ and potential accent trip ups…

Sophie Bartlett is back with her analysis of the GPS SATs papers for 2025. We’ve got grammatical ‘disguises’ and potential accent slip ups as well as the usual data, data, data that we know and love.

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Well, at risk of feeling like that meme of Homer Simpson retreating into the bushes to avoid any sort of backlash… those GPS papers seemed alright? No? Although to be honest, I never have any sort of hugely visceral response to the GPS papers. They tend to be a bit bog-standard and - well - boring. I personally thought this year’s were fair, and Paper 1 had some great juicy questions in it towards the end! Let’s dig our teeth in, shall we?

Grammar, punctuation and spelling Paper 1 analysis

Let’s start by breaking down the content domains, and then look at some of the questions that caught my attention.

The facts and figures

In Paper 1, children are tested on seven content domains.

G1

G2

G3

G4

G5

G6

G7

Grammatical terms or word classes

Functions of sentences

Combining words, phrases and clauses

Verb forms, tenses and consistency

Punctuation

Vocabulary

Standard English and formality

The English grammar, punctuation and spelling test framework details the profile of marks by content area.

Paper

Content domain reference

Number of marks

Percentage of total mark

Paper 1: questions

grammar

25-35

36-50%

punctuation

10-20

14-29%

vocabulary

3-7

4-10%

Paper 2: spelling

spelling

20

29%

Total

70

  • Punctuation (G5) is assigned 10-20 marks (which makes up 20-40% of Paper 1)

  • Vocabulary (G6) is assigned 3-7 marks (6-14% of Paper 1)

  • Grammar (the other five content domains) is assigned 25-35 marks (50-70% of Paper 1)

This can be seen in the analysis of each SATs paper below.

KS2 Grammar SATs papers analysis by @_MissieBee

% of questions by content domain

Content domain

2017

2018

2019

2022

2023

2024

2025

G1

26

24

26

24

24

24

26

G2

8

6

4

4

8

6

6

G3

8

10

8

12

8

8

10

G4

10

14

12

16

12

12

14

G5

34

30

32

30

32

32

30

G6

10

10

12

10

10

12

8

G7

4

6

6

4

6

6

6

Within these seven content domains, there are 51 strands, ranging from G1.1 (nouns), to G7.4 (subjunctive). The proportion of marks assigned to each of these individual content domains makes sense as the most represented (G1 and G5) are also the largest in the curriculum (G1 and G5 have 12 and 15 strands within them, respectively).

G1 and G5 collectively make up over half of the SPAG paper. This proportion has also consistently been higher than the amount of marks needed to pass the paper meaning that, theoretically, you could achieve EXS by correctly answering questions from only these two content domains. As long as this year’s pass mark isn’t above 56% (and it’s never been higher than 54%), this remains true.

KS2 Grammar SATs papers analysis by @_MissieBee

% of questions from weightiest content domains (G1: Grammatical terms or word classes; G5: Punctuation)

Content domain

2017

2018

2019

2022

2023

2024

2025

G1

26

24

26

24

24

24

26

G5

34

30

32

30

32

32

30

Total

60

54

58

54

56

56

56

EXS%

51

54

51

50

51

50

TBC 8/7/25

These are the individual substrands that are most highly represented:

  • Punctuation for parenthesis (G5.9): 17 questions since 2017

  • Synonyms and antonyms (G6.1): 15 questions since 2017

  • Apostrophes (G5.8): 14 questions since 2017

  • Verbs (G1.2): 14 questions since 2017

In fact, verbs appeared the most in 2025’s paper - more than any other substrand.

The GPS Paper 1 questions

There were a few examples of testing children’s true understanding of the concept at hand, rather than just using ‘tricks’ - for example, questions 12 and 34. To spot fronted adverbials, children often just look for the first part of the sentence that’s separated by a comma; however, they could have been easily misled by the use of the comma in the compound sentence here. When identifying relative clauses, a common mistake is to choose whatever is in the middle of a sentence - often between parentheses. However, this relative clause has been ‘disguised’ (although not really, if you have a genuine understanding of a relative clause!) at the end of the sentence, with the main clause being in the middle.

This leads us nicely onto question 22. No more relying on the comma to help spot the fronted adverbial - they all have a comma! There are two used to list items, and two used to separate clauses. This is where even I had to use a process of elimination - I knew one was clearly a main clause, and the other a subordinate clause, so it had to be the subordinate clause… but I have to admit, teaching a subordinate clause as a type of fronted adverbial is something I’ve rarely done. I tend to lean towards using phrases as fronted adverbials, so this is definitely a learning curve for me! Anyone else?! Someone come and join me on this hill of grammatical incompetency!


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KS2 SATs 2025: reading paper analysis

KS2 SATs 2025: maths papers analysis


Question 20 perhaps has me a bit biased as a Southerner. In my (and many other) accent/s, the word ‘class’ read as a root word (‘cl-ah-ss’) changes pronunciation when the suffix ‘ify’ is added (‘cl-a-ssify’). I just wonder whether some other children may have been thrown by this as none of them would have sounded ‘right’ - but then again, if they knew the word, they’d know the answer!

Question 21 was your classic “the first answer sounds right/is nearly right, so I’ll tick it and move on”... I reckon that will have tripped quite a few children up!

Don’t get me wrong, I love a good question on sentence form - however, I did feel question 26 was a little mean. Putting the word ‘Don’t’ in front of what would have been an obvious command (starting immediately with an imperative verb) may have caught a few children out. However, I can hear you all saying “but ‘Do’ is an imperative verb Sophie, aren’t you supposed to be good at grammar?” And yes, whilst I do agree, it’s hidden in a contraction, so I’m just sympathising with those 11-year-olds who aren’t as grammar-savvy as the rest of us!

The last few difficult questions really treated us. I have to say, I thought they were great questions - question 44 in particular (did all the possessive nouns trip your children up?!) I love a question where even I have to spend more than a couple of seconds searching for the answer - and it’s not a deliberately mean one!

Almost all of the 51 substrands have been represented in every Paper 1 so far. Verbs in the perfect form (G4.1b) hadn’t appeared in the previous two papers, and question 46 was the first time we’ve seen subjunctive verb forms (G4.3) since 2018!

Grammar, punctuation and spelling Paper 2: spelling analysis

Do you think if the children sat this test in December, they’d all be more likely to get one of the spellings correct? ‘Reindeer’ seemed a bit out of left field, although it does meet the rules of the spelling strand S52 (words with the /eɪ/ sound spelt ei, eigh, or ey).

The spelling tests contain 20 words, testing the children on 24 KS2 objectives – these are split between the Year 3/4 spelling rules and the Year 5/6 spelling rules, although there has always been a few more from Lower Key Stage 2.

See the analysis of all the SATs spelling tests below.

  • An italic word means it appears under more than one content domain

  • A blue word is one of the first three of the test – considered easier to spell

  • A red word is one of the final three of the test – considered harder to spell

Year 3 & 4 objectives

Content domain

2017

2018

2019

2022

2023

2024

2025

total

S38

adding suffixes beginning w/ vowels to words >1 syllable

inspiring

disobeyed

obtained

suffered

adventurous

offered

ordering

preference

numbered

replacing

referring

rewarded

developed

affordable

14

S39

the /i/ sound spelt y other than at the end of words

sympathetic

typical

pyramid

syrup

lyrics

symbol

 

6

S40

the /ʌ/ sound spelt ou

 

trouble

courage

couple

touch

young

flourish

6

S41

prefixes

 

 

disagreement

disrespect

undrinkable

misconduct

replacing

increase

disappointed

7

S42

the suffix -ation

sensation

 

 

 

 

examination

alteration

3

S43

the suffix -ly

likely

originally

usually

curiously

accidentally

reluctantly

steadily

frequently

angrily

9

S44

words with endings sounding like /ʒə/ or /tʃə/

 

mixture

creature

measure

puncture

texture

adventure

6

S45

endings that sound like /ʒən/

 

 

division

television

 

persuasion

explosion

4

S46

the suffix –ous

nervous

adventurous

curiously

generous

ridiculous

glorious

famous

jealousy

8

S47

endings that sound like /ʃən/, spelt –tion, –sion, –ssion, –cian

operation

percussion

attention

reception

navigation

caution

optician

solution

suggestion

9

S48

words with the /k/ sound spelt ch

monarch

architect

chorus

character

mechanic

chaos

anchor

7

S49

words with the /ʃ/ sound spelt ch

 

 

 

machine

 

 

 

1

S50

words ending with /g/ sound spelt -gue & /k/ sound spelt -que

 

vague

tongue

 

unique

league

plaque

5

S51

words with the /s/ sound spelt sc

 

science

descendant

muscle

scenic

scenario

 

scene

6

S52

words with the /eɪ/ sound spelt ei, eigh, or ey

 

weightless

 

survey

obey

veins

reindeer

5

Year 5 & 6 objectives

S53

endings which sound like /ʃəs/ spelt –cious or –tious

 

cautious

 

 

 

nutritious

 

2

S54

endings which sound like /ʃəl/

 

essential

 

special

official

substantial

social

residential

6

S55

words ending in –ant, –ance, –ancy, –ent, –ence, –ency

substance

violence

science

excellent

 

preference

currant

reluctance

 

7

S56

words ending in –able and –ible words ending in –ably and –ibly

probable

sensibly

portable

 

invisible

undrinkable

memorable

affordable

7

S57

adding suffixes beginning w/ vowels to words ending in –fer

 

 

 

reference

transferred

preference

referring

 

4

S58

words with the /i:/ sound spelt ei after c

 

inconceivable

deceive

receipt

protein

 

receiving

5

S59

words containing the letter string ough

toughest

thorough

dough

enough

thoughtful

cough

ought

 

through

8

S60

words with ‘silent’ letters

straight

crumb

bruise

thumb

descendant

numb

scenic

lamb

island

knight

10

S61

homophones/ other words that are often confused (LKS2 and UKS2)

coarse

council

sighed

banned

currant

queue

through

passed

scene

9

A few weeks ago, we predicted what might appear:

“The most common spelling domains (those that have appeared the most since 2017) are as follows: S38 (adding suffixes beginning with vowel letters to words of more than one syllable); S60 (words with ‘silent’ letters); S43 (the suffix –ly); S47 (endings that sound like /ʃən/, spelt –tion, –sion, –ssion, –cian).”

Again this year, we had at least one spelling from each of these domains: rewarded, developed, affordable, knight, angrily and suggestion.

“There are three content domains that didn’t appear in 2024, but were consistently represented from 2018 – 2023, so we could assume that they would be more likely to appear this year: S51 (words with the /s/ sound spelt sc); S58 (words with the /i:/ sound spelt ei after c); S59 (words containing the letter string ough).”

And so they did! With scene, receiving and through. This is the third time that a word derived from ‘scene’ has appeared in the SATs - we had ‘scenic’ in 2022 and ‘scenario’ in 2023.

“And lastly, just for fun, here are some specific word predictions for this year (seeing as last year I managed to predict one correctly!). Here are some content domains where there aren’t many words to fit each rule… S40: double or country; S48: scheme, chemist or echo; S50: antique.”

No such luck for me this year! My word guesses were trumped by flourish, anchor and plaque (the first and last of which I think are particularly tricky for an 11-year-old!)

There were three homophones on this year’s paper (through, passed and scene) - the most we’ve ever ‘scene’ compared to ‘passed’ papers! (Ha - did she really just ‘through’ those in there?!)

The GPS papers results

To achieve the expected standard in GPS, the pass mark has previously been just over 50% (between 50-54%); this is roughly equivalent to getting half of each paper correct (25-28/50 in Paper 1 and 10/20 in Paper 2).

To achieve what is generally accepted as GDS, children have had to score between 76-80%; this is equivalent to only losing 14-17 marks overall (out of 70).

On Tuesday 8th July, we shall find out what this year’s mark boundaries are!

KS2 SATs scores by @_MissieBee

2017

2018

2019

2022

2023

2024

2025

Change from 2024 to 2025

Raw score

%

RS

%

RS

%

RS

%

RS

%

RS

%

RS

%

Raw score

GPS /50

EXS

36

51

38

54

36

51

35

50

36

51

35

50

TBC

TBC

TBC 8/7/25

GDS

56

80

56

80

55

79

55

79

55

79

53

76

TBC

TBC

TBC 8/7/25

While the GPS papers may not have delivered any major curveballs, there were certainly a few sneaky moments that tested children’s genuine understanding rather than just their ability to memorise grammatical 'tricks'. There’s never much drama with GPS, but the detail in the substrands and some cleverly crafted questions gave us plenty to sink our teeth into. Only a little over six weeks to go until we see what the pass marks have in store for us!

Looking for a helping hand for your year 6s? You can trial LbQ’s SATs Springboard for free in your school and get access to GPS (and maths!) diagnostics and resources designed to plug gaps for the individual.